=====渇望=====

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**craving** --- **渇望**

Very strong desire for a **psychoactive substance** or for the intoxicating effects of that substance. Craving is a term in popular use for the mechanism presumed to underlie **impaired control**: it is thought by some to develop, at least partly, as a result of conditioned associations that evoke **conditioned withdrawal** responses. Craving may also be induced by the provocation of any physiological arousal state resembling an alcohol or drug **withdrawal syndrome**.\\
**//See also//**: compulsion; control, impaired; dependence syndrome; withdrawal, conditioned
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**精神作用物質**やその物質による酩酊の効果に対する強烈な欲求。craving（渇望）は、**[[control, impaired]]**をもたらすと推定されているメカニズムを指して、広く一般に用いられている用語である。渇望は、**[[withdrawal, conditioned]]**反応を誘発する conditioned associations の結果として、少なくとも部分的には進行性であると一部では考えられている。また渇望は、アルコールや薬物の**[[withdrawal syndrome]]**と類似した生理学的な覚醒状態により誘発されて引き起こされうる。\\

**参照**: [[compulsion]]、[[control, impaired]]、[[dependence syndrome]]、[[withdrawal, conditioned]]
<cite>
WHO (1994)//((WHO (1994), //Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms//. Geneva: World Health Organization ->//[[http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/who_ladt/en/|Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms]]// (WHO) )), p.26\\
->//[[http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/who_ladt/en/|Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms]] (WHO)
</cite>
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